How Bat Echolocation Works

Echolocation is the combined use of morphology (physical features) and sonar (SOund NAvigation and Ranging) that allows  bats  to see using sound. A bat uses its larynx to produce ultrasonic waves that are emitted through its mouth or nose. Some bats also produce clicks using their tongues. The bat hears the echoes that are returned and compares the time between when the signal was sent and returned and the shift in the frequency of the sound to form a map of its surroundings. While no bat is completely blind, the animal can use sound to see in absolute darkness. The sensitive nature of a bats ears enables it to find prey by passive listening, too. Bat ear ridges act as an acoustic Fresnel lens, allowing a bat to hear the movement of ground-dwelling insects and the flutter of insect wings. How Bat Morphology Aids Echolocation Some of a bats physical adaptations are visible. A wrinkled fleshy nose acts as a megaphone to project sound. The complex shape, folds, and wrinkles of a bats outer ear help it receive and funnel incoming sounds. Some key adaptations are internal. The ears contain numerous receptors that allow bats to detect tiny frequency changes. A bats brain maps the signals and even accounts for the Doppler effect flying has on echolocation. Just before a bat emits a sound, the tiny bones of the inner ear separate to reduce the animals hearing sensitivity, so it doesnt deafen itself. Once the larynx muscles contract, the middle ear relaxes and the ears can receive the echo. Types of Echolocation There are two main types of echolocation: Low-duty-cycle echolocation allows bats to estimate their distance from an object based on the difference between the time a sound is emitted and when the echo returns. The call a bat makes for this form of echolocation is among the loudest airborne sounds produced by any animal. The signal intensity ranges from 60 to 140 decibels, which the equivalent to the sound emitted by a smoke detector 10 centimeters away. These calls are ultrasonic and generally outside the range of human hearing. Humans hear within the frequency range of 20 to 20,000 Hz, while microbats emit calls from 14,000 to over 100,000 Hz.High-duty cycle echolocation gives bats information about the motion and three-dimensional location of prey. For this type of echolocation, a bat emits a continuous call while listening to the change in the frequency of the returned echo. Bats avoid deafening themselves by emitting a call outside their frequency range. The echo is lower in frequency, falling within the optimal range f or their ears. Tiny changes in frequency may be detected. For example, the horseshoe bat can detect frequency differences as small as 0.1 Hz. While most bat calls are ultrasonic, some species emit audible echolocation clicks. The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) makes a sound that resembles two rocks striking each other. The bat listens for the delay of the echo. Bat calls are complicated, generally consisting of a mixture of constant frequency (CF) and frequency modulated (FM) calls. High-frequency calls are used more often because they offer detailed information about the speed, direction, size, and distance of prey. Low-frequency calls travel further and are mainly used to map immobile objects. How Moths Beat Bats Moths are popular prey for bats, so some species have developed methods to beat echolocation. The tiger moth  (Bertholdia trigona)  jams the ultrasonic sounds. Another species advertises its presence by generating its own ultrasonic signals. This allows bats to identify and avoid poisonous or distasteful prey. Other moth species have an organ called a tympanum that reacts to incoming ultrasound by causing the moths flight muscles to twitch. The moth flies erratically, so its harder for a bat to catch. Other Incredible Bat Senses In addition to echolocation, bats use other senses unavailable to humans. Microbats can see in low light levels. Unlike humans, some see ultraviolet light. The saying blind as a bat doesnt apply to megabats at all, as these species see as well as, or better than, humans. Like birds, bats can sense magnetic fields. While birds use this ability to sense their latitude, bats use it to tell north from south. References Corcoran, Aaron J.; Barber, J. R.; Conner, W. E. (2009). Tiger moth jams bat sonar. Science. 325 (5938): 325–327.Fullard, J. H. (1998). Moth Ears and Bat Calls: Coevolution or Coincidence?. In Hoy, R. R.; Fay, R. R.; Popper, A. N. Comparative Hearing: Insects. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Springer.Nowak, R. M., editor (1999).  Walkers Mammals of the World.  Vol. 1. 6th edition. Pp.  264–271.Surlykke, A.; Ghose, K.; Moss, C. F. (April 2009). Acoustic scanning of natural scenes by echolocation in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of Experimental Biology. 212 (Pt 7): 1011–20.

History of Percussion Essay - 3972 Words

Percussion is known to have been around since the beginning of civilization, in all cultures and all major civilizations around the world. In 6000 B.C., the first time of a percussion instrument was evolved, and it was simply anything that could be found that could be hit together to create a sound. Percussion instruments have been used and associated with strong ceremonial, sacred, or symbolic events. For example, in Africa, drums symbolize and protect tribal royalty. The drums symbolize a family, sharing the same blood and feelings. The drums were are used to communicate through the villages and used as a type of language to transmit messages. In medieval and Renaissance Europe, the snare drum was used in the infantry to send coded†¦show more content†¦A region in western Australia accompanied dancing with scraping an idiophone, or rasp. Some other forms of percussion within the Aboriginal tribes are beating bark or a skin bundle, or struck on the ground, boomerang clapsti cks, hollowed log struck with sticks, lap slapping, rasp or friction, seed rattles, single headed skin drum (struck with open palm or stick), stick beaten on the ground, sticks only, and thigh slapping. It is apparent to see that the Aborigines did not need many materials to create a percussive sound to accompany their traditional dancing and singing. In Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Anklungs are used as rattles that have two or three bamboo tubes which are tuned in octaves. When you shake them, the tubes slide along grooves cut into the rectangular frame and strike the bamboo or wooden frame. In many traditional cultures, the bell has been used in the musical ensembles, just like the gankogui mentioned above. In each culture, the bell represents something different within the contexts. It is made from a wide variety of natural and synthetic materials, like clay, wood, metals of all kinds, and animal hooves. There are two basic kinds of bells: one in which the body may be close d at one end and open at the other (also known as â€Å"cup† bells), and one in which it may be entirely closed and hollow, with a metal pellet inside (also called â€Å"crotals†). Some bells haveShow MoreRelated History of Percussion Instruments Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Percussion Instruments There are few certainties about the percussion family. No one can say how many instruments it contains; few have agreed on playing techniques; and few could name one orchestral piece specifically written with percussion in mind. However, one thing is certain, percussion has been shown over time that it is not merely a matter of beating out rhythm (â€Å" History of Percussion† 1). 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This was my first time attending a live classical music concert. I didn’t know what to expect. My limited experiences with classical music were listening while I studied or using it to fall asleep at night. Honestly, I worried that I might fall asleep during the concert. As it turns out, IRead MoreRespiratory Assessment For Nurses And Care Outcomes For The Acutely Ill Ward Patient1547 Words   |  7 Pages(inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation). Learning the appropriate techniques at this juncture will therefore enhance your ability to perform these other examinations as well. A student nurse completed a chest and lung assessment on an 83 year old female patient with the initials, L.B. Health Assessment Interview Data The student nurse started off the assessment by asking the patient a couple health history questions. 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One’s can hit on their chest and make a ‘boom’ sound, or tap on their legs, or flick their fingers to make a ‘snap’ etc†¦ A teacher could introduce their students to a 4/4 beat by using Body Percussion strate gy and play a make-up pattern, such as Boom, snap, tap, stop, boom, boom, snap tapRead MoreNursing Assessment Of Respiratory System733 Words   |  3 Pagesa patient’s respiratory system. During assessment of the respiratory system, the nurse takes the patient’s history and perform a physical examination on the patient. The nurse takes the patients data which include personal history, family history, history of current and past respiratory problem, allergy history or reactions to certain drugs, foods, allergens etc., and occupational history. The nurse also objective data of the patient, these data will help her to know the respiratory condition of

Management Analysis of Tassa Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Conduct a Management Analysis of Tassa. Answer: Company Overview Tassal Company A Tassal company is the leader for the production of the Atlantic Salmon in the Australia. The company is working from the last 25 years to provide the healthy and fresh Atlantic salmon to the people of the Australia. In this company, 800 employees are working with a great passion and dedication. The company established its marine site in the year of 1986 and this company is now listed on the ASX. The operations of the Tassal company involve the farming, hatching, processing and the selling of the Atlantic Salmon in Australia. Talking more about the company, then the Tassal is the company who pays full attention to the consumer priorities and collecting the required information to give assurance and surety to the consumers that the food is grown in a very socially responsible way. The main focus of the Tassal company is to share the passion and the innovation, knowledge in providing the best ideas for the cooking and recipes depending upon the occasion and season(Tassal Team, 2017). Mission: - The mission of the company is to bring the sustainable health and wellbeing to the consumers through its product delivery and to the community as well as an environment where the company operates. Vision: - The Tassal company has their vision To create a better tomorrow.. Core values: - The values of the Tassal company represent the company commitments, attitudes, how it works and the product quality. There are 5 Ps assumed to be the core values of the Tassal. These are people, product, planet, process and profit. Importance of Tassal to the International business Environment The Tassal is playing a very important role in understanding the impact of the environmental factors on the Australian base . The business environment of the Tassal focus more on the sustainability, ecological interactions , waste management and the water quality management. All these factors affect the Australian economy in a negative way if not properly manage these factors by the company(World Ocean Review, 2017). The main priority of the Tassal company is to maintain and improve the environmentally responsible business practices. These are the sustainability strategy of the Tassal. The company main focus is towards the environment protection, conservation and its enhancement for the coming new generations(Government, 2016). The company implements many strategies depending upon the situation. The company implements the risk mitigation strategy where it is applicable and possible. Sometimes, the companymakes use of the adaptive management approach to make a base for the Australian business market(Services, 2014). Sustainability Strategies The Tassal is the well established company and growing in the market because of the management of the strategies. The main focus of the company is towards the sustainability and company reputation(Commonwealth of Australia , 2015). The sustainability is the process of implementation of the strategies, plans to gain the advantage in the international business market by focusing on the socially responsible business practices. This is achieved by: Planning and generating the strategies to achieve the goals Assignment of responsibilities to the human resource in the Company for achieving these goals(FRDC, 2014). Leadership strategy Controlling the value chain and the use of the technology Management Analysis of Tassal Planning in Tassal- The company started the production of the Atlantic Salmon in 1984. The company followed the proper planning like the Tassal company purchased an Atlantic Egg from Gaden Hatchery to start the farming industry for Atlantic Salmon. After that the Sea farm was established in Dover. The company continues to operate through this sea farm. The below diagram depicts the life cycle of the Atlantic Salmon that is consumed by the consumers(Ryan, 2016). The planning of the production of the Salmon involves the following steps- Ova: - In the season of the Autumn, the company gathered the eggs from special breeding fish and then mix these eggs at the hatchery of the Tassal company. Alevin: - This step of the planning involves into the hatching of the egg in the month of July. Fry: - Then fish moved to the tanks and start feeding to them. Parr: - As thefish is growing, then it should be transferred to the bigger tanks Smolt: - In this step, the fishes again transfer to Sea to grow more and the size will be 150gms and the age is 12 to 18 months(Fitzgerald, 2013). Harvest: -After that , in the last the Salmon will stay in the ocean for upto the 15 months and harvested only when the weight of the fish becomes 4 to 7 kgs. From the above steps, it is clear that the salmon takes 3 years to grow, one and half year in the sea and one and half year in the kitchen. Human resource management in Tassal- Any human resource planning is done with some objectives in the mind and all planning will be successful only if these objectives are achieved. The process of selection of the employees in the Tassal is fair and as per the plan recreational activities will be arranged for the line managers make them happy. The main objectives of this human resource development program are as follows:- To design and construct the activities for the employees working in the organization to achieve the organizational goals and objectives of the Tassalcompany. To assist the people to do their tasks and activities to perform better and will have the opportunity to utilize their capabilities and potential(Office, 2016). Creating possibilities, choosing one alternative among the alternatives and to take the best decisions to satisfy the demands. Agreement with the plan- Before implementing the plan, the agreement or the acceptance of the board of directors, senior managers and executive directors is very important. It is important when all these members have been involved in the decision making and it is always better to get the final confirmation. Communication- After the acceptance by the board of directors, the strategic plan or human resource development needs to be communicated within the organization. The information that is important to communicate within the organization is as follows: - How the plan is helpful in the development of the human resource? What are the variations required in the policies of the HR and the activities of the employees to develop the HR? How to perform by the each individual working into the Tassal to achieve the goals and to contribute in this planning? What assistance is provided to staff for these changes in the Tassal? What will be the future of the Tassal if these strategies are implemented in a proper way? It is very difficult to communicate the too much information as the amount of information communicated will depend on the people involved in the HRD plans. The amount of information will automatically change with the change in the organization(Battaglene, et al., 2008). Leadership at Tassal Leadership is very important for the management analysis of the Tassal company. The leadership strategy is effective that depends on the situation and style of the leadership. There are many styles of the leaderships , for example- Autocratic, transformational,etc. The styles of leadership followed by the organization are different in nature depending upon the working environment of the Tassal company. Autocratic and transformational styles are the most used styles, but the tassal company use participative style of the leadership. This style is used by the leaders to influence the employees and motivate the employees to work hard to receive the rewards from the company. This is not specific that every company follows the same style. The tassal company determined its requirements and the employees then the company apply these styles in the organization .There are many companies using more than one style and some companies using only one leadership style. Some of them companies are tho se that do the experiments by changing the styles every year. The leadership style can be changed on the basis of the changing needs of the employees and the organization.The need of leadership strategy arises to solve the problems. The main issue found in the Tassal is the division of work , delegation of duties and supervise them. Moreover, the other reason is that the human resource in Tassal has different needs, interests and ideas. To fit all these employees into the Tassal, company needs leadership strategy. It is very difficult to analyze that which company is used which style of leadership in the Australian market. But the above leadership styles are really helpful to resolve the problems of the companies. The leaders are the people who motivate the employees and make them realize about their potential and ability. The Tassal company adopted participative style and the company offers many incentives for the top performer in the company. The incentives given to the employees will automatically improve the process of the retention of the employees. Every leader is different in nature from the other depends upon the individual traits. There is a difference between a leader and a manager. The leaders are the person who motivates the employees and are influential in nature and good in managing the staff, but the managers do only the management of the resources, make plans and execute the plans. A good leader can be a manager, but the manager cannot be good leaders (McCallum, 2015). The leaders have the capabilities to solve the problems and resolve many issues or conflicts in the organization. It is very important to remove these conflicts for the successful growth of the Tassal company and without any conflict. Controlling of value chain and technology Talking about the quantity of farmed Salmon, then it is around 55,000 ton only in Australia. It is very important to control that value chain or supply chain by using the new technologies. The capital invested by the Tassal mainly focused on the key areas: The infrastructure of farming waters and in bio-assets; The development of the range of the products of the Tassal like Frozen, canned, smoked and packed Atlantic Salmon The distribution network of the Tassal The Tassal company is focusing more on the domestic market . The maximum revenues of the Tassal company are generated through the retail channel and selling of the Atlantic salmon in the supermarkets. As the competition is very high and the company needs to fight with the pricing and margins of the products. The supply of the Salmon to its final customers needs controlling and management of the supply chain(Fitzgerald, 2013). Talking about the competitor, Huon, is making profits and revenues through the wholesale channel and selling the products in hotels and restaurants. Because of the strict legal system of the country, there is limited competition or limited threat from the international markets. To increase the production and efficiency the Huan adopted a program of controlled growth investment for the period of 3 years. The Tassal also focused on the marketing initiatives and sales to increase its per capita income as well as to build the brand image of the company. Recommendations There are many strategies adopted by the Tassal company to achieve its mission. The management analysis of the Tassal includes many steps planning, Human resource management, Leadership and the controlling techniques. The future strategies for the growth of the Tassal will include- The improvement in the risk mitigation strategies as this strategy will help to reduce the risks associated with the management activities. The Tassal should need to increase the consumption of the Salmon and seafood to increase the demand of the companies. The leadership strategy need to be improved as it is very important to check and look after the employees working in the organization(Araya Krishnan, 2014). Other recommendations The Tassal company should use some adaptive management approaches to achieve the sustainability in the organization The company should also manage the sales mix to get something in return The company should invest more money on the planning and generation of the strategies for the growth of the company. The tastes and the preferences of the consumers and the demand of the Atlantic Salmon can be identified by the surveys and interviews at restaurants, hotels and the supermarket retail stores. To maintain the business environment, the company should implement best practice infrastructure and fish health capacity, focusing on impact mitigation and stakeholder engagement, Forming collaborative, forward focused research partnerships etc. It is recommended to implement and resourcing compliance, communication, stakeholder, and seal management plan(Nic, 2012). It is very important for Tassal to protect and enhance the environment for the young generations. The best strategy adopted by most of the consumers is implementing a precautionary principle based on risk mitigation With its current focus on product innovation and marketing driving the company forward, and its investments in infrastructure and sustainability ensuring it remains in good shape in the future, Tassals aim of almost doubling local salmon consumption levels certainly seems attainable. The company is committed to bringing you the worlds most delicious salmon along with cooking tips and easy recipe ideas for every season and occasion. Conclusion This report completely depends upon the management analysis of the focus company Tassal that deals with the Atlantic Salmon product as well as many other seafood products. The management analysis of the Tassal involves their planning., controlling, leadership and the human resource management . The main focus of the Tassal company is to share the passion and the innovation, knowledge in providing the best ideas for the cooking and recipes depending upon the occasion and season. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the management strategies of Tassal and to evaluate the best strategy for the future It is concluded from this report that the process of producing a Atlantic salmon is a very long process as it involves a proper life cycle. That planning to produce a Salmon needs human resource, a leader and the control on the supply chain of the company. As we studied, there are 800 employees in the Tassal company who worked with great passion and dedication to achieve the aim of the company. Moreover, the leadership strategies, also important to look and supervise the management activities in the Tassal company. The controlling of the value chain is essential to provide the best services to the customers. The best strategy suggested and also used by the Tassal company is the Risk mitigation to avoid the risks occurs in the Company while implementing the strategies. Some of the recommendations on the basis of the analysis also explained that may be helpful for the future growth of the company. References Araya, T. Krishnan, M., 2014. SWOT analysis and recommended policies and strategies of Eritrean fisheries, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274717323_SWOT_ANALYSIS_AND_RECOMMENDED_POLICIES_AND_STRATEGIES_OF_ERITREAN_FISHERIES Battaglene, S., Carter, C. Hobday, A., 2008. Scoping Study into Adaptation of the Tasmanian Salmonid Aquaculture Industry to Potential Impacts of Climate Change, Available at: https://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/743304/Salmonid_Climate_Change_Final_Report_Distribution.pdf Commonwealth of Australia , 2015. Australias seafood trade, Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/fisheries/aus-seafood-trade.pdf Fitzgerald, M., 2013. Successful strategies for sustainable salmon, Available at: https://www.foodanddrinkbusiness.com.au/news/successful-strategies-for-sustainable-salmon FRDC, 2014. How does the size of the Australian seafood industry compare to others around the world?, Available at: https://www.frdc.com.au/knowledge/q_and_as/Pages/size-of-Australian-seafood-industry-compare.aspx Government, A., 2016. Aquaculture industry in Australia, Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/fisheries/aquaculture/aquaculture-industry-in-australia McCallum, A., 2015. Tassal sustainabilioty report 2015, Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160520/pdf/437d3rpd11wf2t.pdf Nic, A., 2012. SWOT Analysis: Fisherie, Available at: https://andssw1.and.nic.in/rti/Fisheries/17%20_b_%20SWOT%20Analysis.pdf Office, T. C. C., 2016. Adapting to a changing climate Case Study, Available at: https://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/216322/Tassal_-_Adaptation_Case_Study.pdf Ryan, M., 2016. Tassal MD CEO on FY2016 results and growth outlook, s.l.: s.n. Services, S. G., 2014. Report for Tassal Operations Pty Ltd:, Available at: https://www.asc-aqua.org/upload/3_20141107_Tassal%20Operations_Huon%20Region%20%28Tin%20Pot%20Point%20Farm%20%20Patridge%20Island%20Farm%29_FINAL.pdf Tassal Team, 2017. Tassal official website. [Online] Available at: https://www.tassal.com.au/about-us/ World Ocean Review, 2017. Toward more sustainable fisheries. [Online] Available at: https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/fisheries/sustainable-fishing-industry/

Jeanne La Pucelle (Joan The Ma Essay Example For Students

Jeanne La Pucelle (Joan The Ma Essay 1412, it is in the last half-century of the Hundred Years War in whichthe French attempted to attain freedom from English rule by fighting toeradicate English strongholds. An unusually strong, healthy, andpossibly clairvoyant girl is born to Isabelle Rome and Jacques dArc inthe small village of Domremy, France. Her mother is from the town ofVouthon, which is west of Domremy. Her surname concurs that either sheor a family member has visited Rome. Her father was born in a villagecalled Ceffonds in the province of Champagne. His last name indicates aconnection with Arc-en-Barrois, a small town fifty kilometers north ofCeffonds. She had a somewhat wealthy family as you can tell from theirhome with a stone construction. You can still visit her home today. Ithas since been used as a wine cellar, a wine press, and a stable. Shewas one of five children: Jacques, Catherine, Jean, Joan, and Pierre. Their wealth came from their farming of wheat, flax, beet hemp, andcolza. They also bred livesto ck, spun wool and tow, and kneaded theirown bread. She was baptized by Jean Minet in the Church of St. Remy. She is admired by patriots, womens rights activists, paranormalinvestigators, and playwrights. The woman I am talking about is commonly known as Joan of Arc. When Joan was 13 she began to see visions and hear voices who she laterdetermined to be Saints Catherine, Margaret, and Michael. Theyconvinced her that she was chosen by God to help the dauphin, CharlesVII free France and take his seat in the throne. At age 17 in 1429 shegained access to the King through the military commander in Vaucoulaurs. Charles was desperate because the English had captured almost half ofFrance including Paris. When Joan told him of her visions of the Saintshe was doubtful so he set up two tests for her. In the first hedisguised himself as a courtier, but she pointed him out immediately. For the second test he asked her what he prayed to God for the nightbefore she arrived; she told him exactly. Some of the clergy believedher to be Satanic, but Joan was approved. Charles fitted her with armorand gave her command of the military. Soon after she set out to freeOrleans from a brutal siege. The other French commanders hesitantlyfollowed orders, but soon they obeyed her whole-heartedly. Under Joanscommand the siege was broken after only ten days and the English fled. She was given the everlasting title The Maid of Orleans. Joanconvinced Charles to undergo a formal coronation in the Cathedral atReims. While escorting Charles, Joan and her army won several battleswith the British along the way. She was at his side when Charles tookthe throne on July, 17 1429. During a minor battle in September, 1429 where Joan tried to freeParis, she was injured. Eight months later she was captured by a troopof Burgundians who wished to sell her for ransom. Instead she was soldto the English for a lot of money. The English believed her rumoredvisions Satanic so they tried her on accusations of witchcraft andheresy. Despite constant badgering she never swayed from her beliefthat her visions her from God. A French clergy sympathetic to theEnglish convicted and sentenced Joan to death. On May, 30 1431 in thetown square at Rouen she was burned at the stake. Due to her bravery indeath people thought they had witnessed martyrdom of a Saint. Much toher familys regret she was not allowed a Christian burial as her asheswere thrown into the Seine River. .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f , .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .postImageUrl , .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f , .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f:hover , .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f:visited , .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f:active { border:0!important; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f:active , .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc1ae3eb1497e9b7ef2cd7f7effba58f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Awakening Essay PaperIn 1455 Joans family requested a retrial for her and a hearing wasgranted by Pope Callistus III. One year later she was found innocent. Joan was beatified by Pope Pius X in 1909, and in 1920 she was canonizedas a Saint. You can celebrate her feast day on May 30. Joan of Arc, the maid of Orleans, was neither a witch nor a saint, butby curious circumstances her life and death fulfilled the requirementsof both. -From Jeanne La Pucelle and The Dying God by James L. Matterer