Empiricism Semantics and Ontology Carn Essay Example for Free

Empiricism Semantics and Ontology Carn Essay I. The Problem of Abstract Entities Empiricists attempt to limit themselves to nominalistic language, a language not containing references to abstract entities such as properties, classes, relations, numbers, propositions, etc. They treat mathematics as a mere calculus wherein no interpretation is given or can be given. However, abstract entities are impossible to avoid for some scientific contexts. The theory of meaning and truth is the problem of abstract entities in relation to semantics1. Semanticists claim that certain expressions designate certain entities, including abstract entities2. This violates the basic principles of empiricism and leads back to a metaphysical ontology3 of the platonic kind. Carnap rejects the idea that the use of such language embraces Platonic ontology, but is rather compatible with empiricism and scientific thinking. II. Linguistic Frameworks4 Carnap believes that for someone to speak of a new kind of entities in his language, he must construct a linguistic framework, a system of new ways of speaking and is subject to new rules. To understand these entities, we must recognize the two fundamental  questions concerning the reality of these entities: (1) Internal questions or the questions of existence of the new entities within the framework; and (2) External questions or the questions of existence of the system of entities as a while. Internal questions can be answered by new forms of expressions either by logical or empirical methods. External questions, on the other hand, are in need of a closer examination. The world of things is the simplest kind of entities we deal with everyday language and upon our acceptance of the thing  language with its framework for things, we can raise internal questions like â€Å"Is there a white piece of paper on my desk? †, â€Å"Are unicorns real or imaginary? † and these can be answered by empirical investigation. The results of this investigation can be confirmed or disconfirmed based on explicit rules for the evaluation, which is the main concern of epistemology. The rules of the framework claim that in order for something to be considered real, it must fit into a system at a particular space-time position along with other things  considered as real. The external question of the reality of the thing world is not asked by scientists but by philosophers and is given affirmative answers by realists, and negative answers from subjective idealists. This question is never resolved because it is wrongly framed. To be real in the scientific context means to be an element of the system, hence, this concept cannot be meaningfully applied to the system. Those who question the reality of the thing world are not expecting of a theoretical question, rather, a practical question which  would affect the structure of our language; hence, we must decide whether or not to adapt the forms of expression in the framework. We have accepted the thing language since our earlier years and now we are given the choice whether or not to continue using the thing language or to restrict ourselves to sense-date, to construct an alternative language with new structure and rules, or to refrain from speaking at all. However, Carnap believes that none of the above-mentioned choices is practical. So, he explained that the  acceptance of the thing language does not imply the acceptance of the existence of the thing world, but the acceptance of a certain form of language, accepting rules in order to form, test, or reject statements, and the idea of the reality of the thing world cannot be among these statements because it cannot be formulated in the thing language or in any other theoretical language. Questions regarding the efficiency, fruitfulness and simplicity of the use of the thing language are not yes-no questions but rather questions of degree. But it is wrong to say that â€Å"The fact of the efficiency of the thing language is confirming evidence for the reality of the thing world,† rather, â€Å"This fact makes it advisable to accept the thing language. † Carnap used the example of the system of numbers as an example of a system which is of a logical rather than a factual nature, based on the rules of the new expressions: 1 SEMAN? CS IS THE STUDY OF MEANINGS AND THE RELA? ON OF SIGNS AND SYMBOLS AND WHAT THEY SIGNIFY OR DENOTE. 2 E. G. PROPER? ES AS DESIGNATED BY PREDICATES AND PROPOSI? ONS AS DESIGNATED BY SENTENCES. 3 ONTOLOGY IS THE PHILOSOPHICAL THEORY OF REALITY AND IS THE DOCTRINE OF UNIVERSAL AND NECESSARY CHARACTERIS? CS OF ALL EXISTENCE. 4 A LINGUIS? C FRAMEWORK IS A SET OF LINGUIS? C CONVEN? ONS WHICH DETERMINE THE WAY IN WHICH WE SE#LE EXISTENCE PROBLEMS OF A CERTAIN sort. (1) numerals like â€Å"five† and sentence forms like â€Å"there are five books on the table† (2) the general term â€Å"number† for the new entities, and sentence forms like â€Å"five is a number† (3) expressions of properties of numbers (odd, prime), relations (greater than), and functions (plus), and sentence forms like  Ã¢â‚¬Å"two plus three is five. † (4) numerical variables (m,n,etc) and quantifiers for universal sentences (for every n,†¦. ) and existential sentences (there is an n such that†¦) with the customary deductive rules Empirical investigation is impossible to answer the internal question, â€Å"Is there a prime number greater than a hundred? †, rather it can be answered through logical analysis. He also introduced the system of propositions wherein any declarative sentence can be substituted by a variable. Every sentence that comes in the form â€Å"†¦is a proposition† is considered analytic. This framework included three constructs: (1) â€Å"For every p, either p or not –p† (2) â€Å"There is p such that p is not necessary and not –p is not necessary. † (3) â€Å"There is p such that p is a proposition. † (1) and (2) are both internal assertions of existence while (3) is an implication that there are propositions. Lastly, in the spatio-temporal coordinate system for physics, the new entities are the space-time points. Each point is an ordered quadruple of four real numbers (3 spatial and 1 temporal coordinate). It is not forced on us but is suggested by common observation. The physical state of these space-time points is described through qualitative predicates or through ascribing numbers such as mass, temperature, etc. Moving on to this physical coordinate system requires a decision on how to use language. Carnap argues that the introduction of such forms into our language is a matter of degree, and that the formulation in the form â€Å"real or not† will be inadequate. Many philosophers argue that the affirmation of the reality of the entity of the language shall come prior to the introduction of new language forms, and Carnap strongly disagrees. He claims that a new way of speaking needs not be justified because in the first place, it does not imply any assertion of reality, but only acceptance of a new framework. III. What Does Acceptance of a Kind of Entities Mean? The acceptance of a new kind of entities is represented in the language by the introduction of a framework of new forms of expressions to be used according to a new set of rules. The two essential steps into the introduction of the framework are: (1) the introduction of a general term, a predicate of higher level, for the new kind of entities, permitting us to say of any particular entity that it  belongs to this kind5; and (2) the introduction of variables of the new type. After the formulation of the new forms of language, they can now create internal questions that may either be empirical or logical, and be addressed by true answers that are either factually true or analytic. Carnap debunks the idea that the acceptance of a new framework is an assertion of the reality of the entities. He argues that the question whether or not to accept the new entities and the new linguistic form is a practical question and not a theoretical question. It cannot be judged as true or false because it is not an assertion, rather, it can be judged as being more or less expedient, fruitful and conducive. IV. Abstract Entities in Semantics In semantical meaning analysis, certain expressions are often said to designate (or name or denote or signify) certain extra- linguistic entities. Ex. â€Å"The word ‘red’ designates a property of things. † â€Å"The word ‘five’ designates a number. † Empiricists admit that these are meaningful expressions but reject the belief as they see these as implicitly presupposed by those semantical statements. 5 E. G. â€Å"RED IS A PROPERTY†, â€Å"FIVE IS A NUMBER† This belief is criticized as hypostatization, or treating as names expressions which are not names. Carnap used the example of â€Å"Fido†, his dog, as a name that designates his dog Fido, while red and five are not names and are not supposed to designate anything. To deal with this criticism, Carnap clarifies abstract entities as designata: (a) Five designates a number. This presupposes that our language L contains the forms of expressions which we have called the framework of numbers, in particular, numerical variables and the general term number. If L contains these forms, the following is an analytic statement in L. (b) Five is a number. To make the statement (a) possible, L must contain an expression like designates or is a name of for the semantical relation of designation. If suitable rules for this term are laid down, the following is likewise analytic: (c) Five designates five. Since (a) follows from (c) and (b), (a) is likewise analytic. You must accept these as true statements if you accept the framework of numbers. Carnap acknowledges the need for theoretical justification for internal assertions but argues that it is wrong to demand forsu ch when it comes to acceptance of system of entities. He cites Ernest Nagel who asked for evidence relevant for affirming with warrant that there are such entities as infinitesimals or propositions. He required the evidence to be logical and dialectical. And so Carnap provides an example of this problem of proof: â€Å"Here are three books. † The framework of the sentence allows us to communicate but the question on the ontological reality of the system of numbers continues. One philosopher believes that numbers are real entities so there is no problem in using the  numerical framework for semantical statements. A nominalistic opponent, on the other hand, says there are no numbers. For Carnap, numbers may still be used as meaningful expressions but they are not names and there are no entities designated by them. The term numbers and numerical variables must only be used as abbreviating devices: i. e. to translate them into the nominalistic thing language. He believes that there is no possible evidence relevant for both philosophers. V. Conclusion Carnap’s stand on using semantical methods depended not on the ontological question of existence of abstract entities but onthe qu estion whether or not the rise of abstract linguistic forms is expedient and fruitful for semantical analyses6. This is no yes-or-no question. It dealt with a matter of degree, by their efficiency as instruments, by the . . ratio of the results achieved to the amount and complexity of the efforts required. He challenges the nominalists to offer better arguments than merely appealing to ontological insight; probably a semantical method without any references at all to abstract entities and by simpler means, achieves the same results as other methods. Carnap  pointed out that dogmatic prohibitions are both futile and harmful that looking back to history, traces of slow development rooted to religious, metaphysical, mythological, and other irrational sources. And so by granting freedom to use any form of expression useful to them, those useless forms will sooner or later be eliminated. Carnap ended with a reminder, â€Å"Let us be cautious in making assertions and critical in examining them, but tolerant in permitting linguistic forms. † 6 SEMAN? CAL ANALYSES THAT INCLUDE THE ANALYSIS, INTERPRETA? ON, CLARI+CA? ON OR CONSTRUC? ON OF LANGUAGES OF COMMUNICA? ON, ESPECIALLY languages of science.

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Essay

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Introduction Every kid loves to hear stories from their grandparents about something that they have experienced in their life. For me, some of the best stories came from my father about the air war that was waged over Europe during World War II. He often told me of a day that a formation of almost 1,000 bombers flew over his base: "The drone of the planes could be heard for miles and made us on the ground feel as small as ants. There were over 1,000 of them overhead, in a perfect formation, each one with four engines roaring. They looked invincible to us on the ground; there were so many of them. After seeing the destruction that they brought upon the German cities and factories, I was thankful they were on our side." Those "invincible" planes my father told me of were American B-17 Bombers. With a range of 1,850 miles, a maximum ceiling of 35,600 ft. and a bomb load of 8,000 pounds, the B-17 Flying Fortress was one of the most capable of the long range bombers of World War II. Though these statistics are impressive, the technology that made this bomber so impressive was its bomb sight. The United States Army Air Corps claimed that its Norden Bomb sight, which was used in the B-17, could "place a bomb in a pickle barrel at 20,000 feet." Though it was not quite as accurate as claimed, it could hit a 100 foot square target area consistently from 20,000 feet. Using this bomb sight, which was considered top secret for the first years of the war, formations of up to 1,000 B-17's would be able to hit a target in broad daylight accurately. The effects of these bombing runs were felt heavily in the Germans manufacturing industry. On October 14, 1943, 229 B-17s ... ...003. 19 March. 2004. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/batasmn2.htm Webmaster. "GBU-15." Military Analysis Network. May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-15.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-10 (GBU-10)." Military Analysis Network. 19 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-10.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-28 (GBU-28) Bunker Buster." Military Analysis Network. 28 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-28.htm> Webmaster. "Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)." May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. ? <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/jdam.htm> WWII Statistics. 1999. <http://www.angelfire.com/ct/ww2europe/stats.html> ` "Zeppelin ZI." Spartacus School Net. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWzeppelin.htm>

Research & expressing emotions Essay

Art has been one of the most prolific ways of expressing emotions and thinking by mankind. Most of the traditional artists have been using different mediums to make an art form. They range from clay to paints. But in this age of electronic media, art has also found some new mediums. Electronic art is the art form which started to emerge in early 1990’s and as a result of this many young artist from the new generation became famous. One of them is Eric Jordan. He is not just an artist; he is a philosopher and a businessman. Eric Jordan is the founder of 2Advanced.com.he founded 2Advanced when he was just 23. 2Advanced is regarded as one of the most creative web design companies in the world with clients like Ford, NBC, General Electric and many other Fortune 500 companies. Eric has been the main driving force behind 2Advanced. Eric started   Eric indulged in arts from a very early age when he started making sketches but soon moved to electronic media. He started by experimenting with different softwares but couldn’t get his hand on something which could really satisfy him to express his thinkings. During this point in life he discovered two softwares which would play a pivotal role in the life of Eric: Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Flash. He started using these softwares day and night, and his hard work result in eye-catching website of 2Advanced. Currently 2Advanced is in its fourth version of the website. His work became so famous that he got nominated and won the prestigious Webby Award. The famous 2Advanced website was created by Eric in the span of two weeks. The software he used was Adobe Flash, Adobe Photoshop and Freehand. To this date 2Advanced.com has been my favorite work designed by Eric. The blend of futuristic vision with eye-catching graphics and phenomenal graphics has taken Flash and Photoshop to new heights.   Apart from being famous for amazing work at 2Advanced Eric is also a famous DJ in California. He has an extreme passion for electronic music and has been playing electronic music since he was a teenager. He believes that he could bring his futuristic vision of the world to the electronic media and he has been successful in that by showing the work he has done in the field of web design. His work mostly depicts the world of future with a careful attention to detail. In an interview while describing the theory behind 2Advanced, Eric says: â€Å"Many people think the name â€Å"2advanced† was meant to imply mastery of everything, when in reality it constitutes a love of the future and the underlying feeling that somehow I wish I had been born in the distant future. Not because I don’t appreciate the era I was born in, simply because the idea of deep technological advances and a rise in the collective human consciousness are alluring to me. 2advanced was a way for me to tell the story. Some people pick up on the message, some don’t. But even if one person understands the 2advanced voice, it makes it all worth it.†

Collaborative Learning The Theory Of Vygotsky s...

Collaborative learning stems from the theory of Vygotsky’s conception of Zone of proximal development. The thought is that children learn best with â€Å"help and guidance† (Ormrod, 2012). In transitioning this zone to a collaborative learning experience, children work with their peers in broadening their learning experience, allowing small groups of students to work together to share knowledge, exchange ideas, problem solve, and more. These classroom environments help to create durable abilities in students and aid in producing a â€Å"smoother integration into adult society when the activities resemble real-world tasks† (Ormrod, 2012). As students work with peers and adults, they adopt some of the learning strategies demonstrated and develop more skills in problem solving. This scaffolding creates a trickle-down effect of knowledge construction. In collaborative learning, students are afforded a myriad of enriching opportunities to explore perspectives th at may differ from their own. These activities serve to create a self-awareness in the student of their responsibilities to a group, requiring them to self-monitor their activity (Lee, Tsai, Chai, Koh, 2014). Information and communication technology is a term that incorporates devices or applications in which we use and manipulate. Such devices include, but are not limited to, the internet, television, social media, blogs and microblogs, software and hardware, cell phones, Web 2.0, or any other technology that can be usedShow MoreRelatedTeachers as Agents of Change3375 Words   |  14 Pageswhich educators can become more committed to their role as change agents. Reshma Rambajan University of the West Indies Many researchers have addressed the issue of teachers as change agents. According to Fullan, (1993), â€Å"change is in essence, learning to do something differently, involving adjustments to many elements of classroom practice and everybody is a change agent in quality education† (p.24). The question however arises as to whether teachers see themselves as change agents. Bansford,Read MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 PagesCognitive Development Preview Examining the shape of children’s development allows us to understand it better. Every childhood is distinct, and is the first chapter in a new biography. This chapter is about children’s physical and cognitive development. These are some of the questions we will explore: †¢ Do children develop in distinct stages, or is their development smoother and more continuous? †¢ How do children develop physically, and how does this affect their behaviour and learning? †¢ What isRead More2.0 Learning And Assessment ( Final )8082 Words   |  33 Pages 2.0 LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT (final) 2.1 Introduction Because there is a learning, there is an assessment. Learning is important and assessment is a integral part of it. In other words, if learning does not take place there is nothing to assess. Therefore, we need to know how students learn in order to ensure that assessment used to assess them is appropriately matched for the underpinning of how learning takes place (Black and Wiliam, 1998; Broadfoot, et al., 1991; Brown, S., 2004-05; Pryor andRead MoreCritical Thinking - Literature Review12815 Words   |  52 PagesTHINKING 1 About Pearson Pearson, the global leader in education and education technology, provides innovative print and digital education materials for pre-K through college, student information systems and learning management systems, teacher licensure testing, teacher professional development, career certification programs, and testing and assessment products that set the standard for the industry. Pearson’s other primary businesses include the Financial Times Group and the Penguin Group. For more

How Bat Echolocation Works

Echolocation is the combined use of morphology (physical features) and sonar (SOund NAvigation and Ranging) that allows  bats  to see using sound. A bat uses its larynx to produce ultrasonic waves that are emitted through its mouth or nose. Some bats also produce clicks using their tongues. The bat hears the echoes that are returned and compares the time between when the signal was sent and returned and the shift in the frequency of the sound to form a map of its surroundings. While no bat is completely blind, the animal can use sound to see in absolute darkness. The sensitive nature of a bats ears enables it to find prey by passive listening, too. Bat ear ridges act as an acoustic Fresnel lens, allowing a bat to hear the movement of ground-dwelling insects and the flutter of insect wings. How Bat Morphology Aids Echolocation Some of a bats physical adaptations are visible. A wrinkled fleshy nose acts as a megaphone to project sound. The complex shape, folds, and wrinkles of a bats outer ear help it receive and funnel incoming sounds. Some key adaptations are internal. The ears contain numerous receptors that allow bats to detect tiny frequency changes. A bats brain maps the signals and even accounts for the Doppler effect flying has on echolocation. Just before a bat emits a sound, the tiny bones of the inner ear separate to reduce the animals hearing sensitivity, so it doesnt deafen itself. Once the larynx muscles contract, the middle ear relaxes and the ears can receive the echo. Types of Echolocation There are two main types of echolocation: Low-duty-cycle echolocation allows bats to estimate their distance from an object based on the difference between the time a sound is emitted and when the echo returns. The call a bat makes for this form of echolocation is among the loudest airborne sounds produced by any animal. The signal intensity ranges from 60 to 140 decibels, which the equivalent to the sound emitted by a smoke detector 10 centimeters away. These calls are ultrasonic and generally outside the range of human hearing. Humans hear within the frequency range of 20 to 20,000 Hz, while microbats emit calls from 14,000 to over 100,000 Hz.High-duty cycle echolocation gives bats information about the motion and three-dimensional location of prey. For this type of echolocation, a bat emits a continuous call while listening to the change in the frequency of the returned echo. Bats avoid deafening themselves by emitting a call outside their frequency range. The echo is lower in frequency, falling within the optimal range f or their ears. Tiny changes in frequency may be detected. For example, the horseshoe bat can detect frequency differences as small as 0.1 Hz. While most bat calls are ultrasonic, some species emit audible echolocation clicks. The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) makes a sound that resembles two rocks striking each other. The bat listens for the delay of the echo. Bat calls are complicated, generally consisting of a mixture of constant frequency (CF) and frequency modulated (FM) calls. High-frequency calls are used more often because they offer detailed information about the speed, direction, size, and distance of prey. Low-frequency calls travel further and are mainly used to map immobile objects. How Moths Beat Bats Moths are popular prey for bats, so some species have developed methods to beat echolocation. The tiger moth  (Bertholdia trigona)  jams the ultrasonic sounds. Another species advertises its presence by generating its own ultrasonic signals. This allows bats to identify and avoid poisonous or distasteful prey. Other moth species have an organ called a tympanum that reacts to incoming ultrasound by causing the moths flight muscles to twitch. The moth flies erratically, so its harder for a bat to catch. Other Incredible Bat Senses In addition to echolocation, bats use other senses unavailable to humans. Microbats can see in low light levels. Unlike humans, some see ultraviolet light. The saying blind as a bat doesnt apply to megabats at all, as these species see as well as, or better than, humans. Like birds, bats can sense magnetic fields. While birds use this ability to sense their latitude, bats use it to tell north from south. References Corcoran, Aaron J.; Barber, J. R.; Conner, W. E. (2009). Tiger moth jams bat sonar. Science. 325 (5938): 325–327.Fullard, J. H. (1998). Moth Ears and Bat Calls: Coevolution or Coincidence?. In Hoy, R. R.; Fay, R. R.; Popper, A. N. Comparative Hearing: Insects. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Springer.Nowak, R. M., editor (1999).  Walkers Mammals of the World.  Vol. 1. 6th edition. Pp.  264–271.Surlykke, A.; Ghose, K.; Moss, C. F. (April 2009). Acoustic scanning of natural scenes by echolocation in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of Experimental Biology. 212 (Pt 7): 1011–20.

History of Percussion Essay - 3972 Words

Percussion is known to have been around since the beginning of civilization, in all cultures and all major civilizations around the world. In 6000 B.C., the first time of a percussion instrument was evolved, and it was simply anything that could be found that could be hit together to create a sound. Percussion instruments have been used and associated with strong ceremonial, sacred, or symbolic events. For example, in Africa, drums symbolize and protect tribal royalty. The drums symbolize a family, sharing the same blood and feelings. The drums were are used to communicate through the villages and used as a type of language to transmit messages. In medieval and Renaissance Europe, the snare drum was used in the infantry to send coded†¦show more content†¦A region in western Australia accompanied dancing with scraping an idiophone, or rasp. Some other forms of percussion within the Aboriginal tribes are beating bark or a skin bundle, or struck on the ground, boomerang clapsti cks, hollowed log struck with sticks, lap slapping, rasp or friction, seed rattles, single headed skin drum (struck with open palm or stick), stick beaten on the ground, sticks only, and thigh slapping. It is apparent to see that the Aborigines did not need many materials to create a percussive sound to accompany their traditional dancing and singing. In Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Anklungs are used as rattles that have two or three bamboo tubes which are tuned in octaves. When you shake them, the tubes slide along grooves cut into the rectangular frame and strike the bamboo or wooden frame. In many traditional cultures, the bell has been used in the musical ensembles, just like the gankogui mentioned above. In each culture, the bell represents something different within the contexts. It is made from a wide variety of natural and synthetic materials, like clay, wood, metals of all kinds, and animal hooves. There are two basic kinds of bells: one in which the body may be close d at one end and open at the other (also known as â€Å"cup† bells), and one in which it may be entirely closed and hollow, with a metal pellet inside (also called â€Å"crotals†). Some bells haveShow MoreRelated History of Percussion Instruments Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Percussion Instruments There are few certainties about the percussion family. No one can say how many instruments it contains; few have agreed on playing techniques; and few could name one orchestral piece specifically written with percussion in mind. However, one thing is certain, percussion has been shown over time that it is not merely a matter of beating out rhythm (â€Å" History of Percussion† 1). The family of percussion instruments is the first musical instrumentationRead MoreAnalysis Of Darius Milhaud, A French Composer882 Words   |  4 Pagestwo was introduced and the marimba became what it is today. Melodic Drums Although not as popular as keyboard percussion, â€Å"melodic† drums are another type of melodic percussion instruments. Drums by definition are musical instruments, the sound of which is produced by the vibration of a stretched membrane. Thus, they are classified as a membranophone within the larger category of percussion instruments (â€Å"Drums†, 2015). A drum is either a tube or a bowl of wood, metal, or pottery (the â€Å"shell†) coveredRead MoreDifferent Styles Of Traditional Thai Ensembles808 Words   |  4 Pageshowever, they can be easily differentiated by the different types of instruments they use. One type of ensemble consists mainly of string and melodic percussion instruments (Morton, 1976). This same ensemble is responsible for providing music for plays and other stage acts. The most well-known style of music that the string and melodic percussion ensembles would perform is Pi-phat. This expression of music is distinguishable by its fast, flashy tempo and unique instruments (â€Å"Music of Thailand†,Read MoreMusic Is Something That Has Inspired Me Since The Age Of 4 Years Old945 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a part of who I am for as long as I can remember. My love and passion for Percussion instruments is the main reason why I want to pursue a career in teaching middle school and high school level Percussion students. The Job description of a Music Director is to teach individuals and groups how to read and comprehend music as well as how to play one or all Percussion instruments with the proper technique. Percussion Directors plan a program or curriculum for students in which they evaluate theRead MoreAfrican Music And Its Impact On The World1051 Words   |  5 Pagesas black music brought a lot of different types of music to America. Such as Afrobeat founded by Fela Kuti and many bringing over a polyrhythm sound. One of the very first Africans to America were a variety of different ethnic groups with a long history of African musical traditions. When arriving some were allowed to bring their instrument and other made new instrument. An example of this is the â€Å"Banja† or â€Å"banshaw† now known as the banjo were one of the very first African instrument brought overRead MoreClassical Music Concert Narrative1222 Words   |  5 Pages In September, I attended the concert Wind fire: Flute and Percussion Spectacular at Rammelkamp Chapel. Paula John Kasica performed on the flute and percussion with Nancy Shaaf accompanying on the piano. This was my first time attending a live classical music concert. I didn’t know what to expect. My limited experiences with classical music were listening while I studied or using it to fall asleep at night. Honestly, I worried that I might fall asleep during the concert. As it turns out, IRead MoreRespiratory Assessment For Nurses And Care Outcomes For The Acutely Ill Ward Patient1547 Words   |  7 Pages(inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation). Learning the appropriate techniques at this juncture will therefore enhance your ability to perform these other examinations as well. A student nurse completed a chest and lung assessment on an 83 year old female patient with the initials, L.B. Health Assessment Interview Data The student nurse started off the assessment by asking the patient a couple health history questions. Questions such as; chest pain while breathing, past history of lung diseaseRead MoreThe Origins Of The Percussion Family1310 Words   |  6 Pages Examining the Origins of the Percussion Family To get a clear view of the origins of the percussion family, one should first have to the ability to classify the plethora of instruments. For the sake of this document we will use the broad classification of Janissary instruments and non-Janissary instruments. The Janissary instruments find their roots in the Turkish military bands of the Ottoman Empire. The term Janissary refers to the Turkish Yeà ±i-à §eri, or â€Å"new troops†. Sultan Orkhan I, of theRead MoreCall And Response ( Whole Class )916 Words   |  4 Pagesdraw a better picture for students to understand Beat and Rhythm better, which are: Body Percussion and Instrumental composition. In music, Body Percussion [Figure 1] refers to using oneself body as an instrument. One’s can hit on their chest and make a ‘boom’ sound, or tap on their legs, or flick their fingers to make a ‘snap’ etc†¦ A teacher could introduce their students to a 4/4 beat by using Body Percussion strate gy and play a make-up pattern, such as Boom, snap, tap, stop, boom, boom, snap tapRead MoreNursing Assessment Of Respiratory System733 Words   |  3 Pagesa patient’s respiratory system. During assessment of the respiratory system, the nurse takes the patient’s history and perform a physical examination on the patient. The nurse takes the patients data which include personal history, family history, history of current and past respiratory problem, allergy history or reactions to certain drugs, foods, allergens etc., and occupational history. The nurse also objective data of the patient, these data will help her to know the respiratory condition of

Management Analysis of Tassa Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Conduct a Management Analysis of Tassa. Answer: Company Overview Tassal Company A Tassal company is the leader for the production of the Atlantic Salmon in the Australia. The company is working from the last 25 years to provide the healthy and fresh Atlantic salmon to the people of the Australia. In this company, 800 employees are working with a great passion and dedication. The company established its marine site in the year of 1986 and this company is now listed on the ASX. The operations of the Tassal company involve the farming, hatching, processing and the selling of the Atlantic Salmon in Australia. Talking more about the company, then the Tassal is the company who pays full attention to the consumer priorities and collecting the required information to give assurance and surety to the consumers that the food is grown in a very socially responsible way. The main focus of the Tassal company is to share the passion and the innovation, knowledge in providing the best ideas for the cooking and recipes depending upon the occasion and season(Tassal Team, 2017). Mission: - The mission of the company is to bring the sustainable health and wellbeing to the consumers through its product delivery and to the community as well as an environment where the company operates. Vision: - The Tassal company has their vision To create a better tomorrow.. Core values: - The values of the Tassal company represent the company commitments, attitudes, how it works and the product quality. There are 5 Ps assumed to be the core values of the Tassal. These are people, product, planet, process and profit. Importance of Tassal to the International business Environment The Tassal is playing a very important role in understanding the impact of the environmental factors on the Australian base . The business environment of the Tassal focus more on the sustainability, ecological interactions , waste management and the water quality management. All these factors affect the Australian economy in a negative way if not properly manage these factors by the company(World Ocean Review, 2017). The main priority of the Tassal company is to maintain and improve the environmentally responsible business practices. These are the sustainability strategy of the Tassal. The company main focus is towards the environment protection, conservation and its enhancement for the coming new generations(Government, 2016). The company implements many strategies depending upon the situation. The company implements the risk mitigation strategy where it is applicable and possible. Sometimes, the companymakes use of the adaptive management approach to make a base for the Australian business market(Services, 2014). Sustainability Strategies The Tassal is the well established company and growing in the market because of the management of the strategies. The main focus of the company is towards the sustainability and company reputation(Commonwealth of Australia , 2015). The sustainability is the process of implementation of the strategies, plans to gain the advantage in the international business market by focusing on the socially responsible business practices. This is achieved by: Planning and generating the strategies to achieve the goals Assignment of responsibilities to the human resource in the Company for achieving these goals(FRDC, 2014). Leadership strategy Controlling the value chain and the use of the technology Management Analysis of Tassal Planning in Tassal- The company started the production of the Atlantic Salmon in 1984. The company followed the proper planning like the Tassal company purchased an Atlantic Egg from Gaden Hatchery to start the farming industry for Atlantic Salmon. After that the Sea farm was established in Dover. The company continues to operate through this sea farm. The below diagram depicts the life cycle of the Atlantic Salmon that is consumed by the consumers(Ryan, 2016). The planning of the production of the Salmon involves the following steps- Ova: - In the season of the Autumn, the company gathered the eggs from special breeding fish and then mix these eggs at the hatchery of the Tassal company. Alevin: - This step of the planning involves into the hatching of the egg in the month of July. Fry: - Then fish moved to the tanks and start feeding to them. Parr: - As thefish is growing, then it should be transferred to the bigger tanks Smolt: - In this step, the fishes again transfer to Sea to grow more and the size will be 150gms and the age is 12 to 18 months(Fitzgerald, 2013). Harvest: -After that , in the last the Salmon will stay in the ocean for upto the 15 months and harvested only when the weight of the fish becomes 4 to 7 kgs. From the above steps, it is clear that the salmon takes 3 years to grow, one and half year in the sea and one and half year in the kitchen. Human resource management in Tassal- Any human resource planning is done with some objectives in the mind and all planning will be successful only if these objectives are achieved. The process of selection of the employees in the Tassal is fair and as per the plan recreational activities will be arranged for the line managers make them happy. The main objectives of this human resource development program are as follows:- To design and construct the activities for the employees working in the organization to achieve the organizational goals and objectives of the Tassalcompany. To assist the people to do their tasks and activities to perform better and will have the opportunity to utilize their capabilities and potential(Office, 2016). Creating possibilities, choosing one alternative among the alternatives and to take the best decisions to satisfy the demands. Agreement with the plan- Before implementing the plan, the agreement or the acceptance of the board of directors, senior managers and executive directors is very important. It is important when all these members have been involved in the decision making and it is always better to get the final confirmation. Communication- After the acceptance by the board of directors, the strategic plan or human resource development needs to be communicated within the organization. The information that is important to communicate within the organization is as follows: - How the plan is helpful in the development of the human resource? What are the variations required in the policies of the HR and the activities of the employees to develop the HR? How to perform by the each individual working into the Tassal to achieve the goals and to contribute in this planning? What assistance is provided to staff for these changes in the Tassal? What will be the future of the Tassal if these strategies are implemented in a proper way? It is very difficult to communicate the too much information as the amount of information communicated will depend on the people involved in the HRD plans. The amount of information will automatically change with the change in the organization(Battaglene, et al., 2008). Leadership at Tassal Leadership is very important for the management analysis of the Tassal company. The leadership strategy is effective that depends on the situation and style of the leadership. There are many styles of the leaderships , for example- Autocratic, transformational,etc. The styles of leadership followed by the organization are different in nature depending upon the working environment of the Tassal company. Autocratic and transformational styles are the most used styles, but the tassal company use participative style of the leadership. This style is used by the leaders to influence the employees and motivate the employees to work hard to receive the rewards from the company. This is not specific that every company follows the same style. The tassal company determined its requirements and the employees then the company apply these styles in the organization .There are many companies using more than one style and some companies using only one leadership style. Some of them companies are tho se that do the experiments by changing the styles every year. The leadership style can be changed on the basis of the changing needs of the employees and the organization.The need of leadership strategy arises to solve the problems. The main issue found in the Tassal is the division of work , delegation of duties and supervise them. Moreover, the other reason is that the human resource in Tassal has different needs, interests and ideas. To fit all these employees into the Tassal, company needs leadership strategy. It is very difficult to analyze that which company is used which style of leadership in the Australian market. But the above leadership styles are really helpful to resolve the problems of the companies. The leaders are the people who motivate the employees and make them realize about their potential and ability. The Tassal company adopted participative style and the company offers many incentives for the top performer in the company. The incentives given to the employees will automatically improve the process of the retention of the employees. Every leader is different in nature from the other depends upon the individual traits. There is a difference between a leader and a manager. The leaders are the person who motivates the employees and are influential in nature and good in managing the staff, but the managers do only the management of the resources, make plans and execute the plans. A good leader can be a manager, but the manager cannot be good leaders (McCallum, 2015). The leaders have the capabilities to solve the problems and resolve many issues or conflicts in the organization. It is very important to remove these conflicts for the successful growth of the Tassal company and without any conflict. Controlling of value chain and technology Talking about the quantity of farmed Salmon, then it is around 55,000 ton only in Australia. It is very important to control that value chain or supply chain by using the new technologies. The capital invested by the Tassal mainly focused on the key areas: The infrastructure of farming waters and in bio-assets; The development of the range of the products of the Tassal like Frozen, canned, smoked and packed Atlantic Salmon The distribution network of the Tassal The Tassal company is focusing more on the domestic market . The maximum revenues of the Tassal company are generated through the retail channel and selling of the Atlantic salmon in the supermarkets. As the competition is very high and the company needs to fight with the pricing and margins of the products. The supply of the Salmon to its final customers needs controlling and management of the supply chain(Fitzgerald, 2013). Talking about the competitor, Huon, is making profits and revenues through the wholesale channel and selling the products in hotels and restaurants. Because of the strict legal system of the country, there is limited competition or limited threat from the international markets. To increase the production and efficiency the Huan adopted a program of controlled growth investment for the period of 3 years. The Tassal also focused on the marketing initiatives and sales to increase its per capita income as well as to build the brand image of the company. Recommendations There are many strategies adopted by the Tassal company to achieve its mission. The management analysis of the Tassal includes many steps planning, Human resource management, Leadership and the controlling techniques. The future strategies for the growth of the Tassal will include- The improvement in the risk mitigation strategies as this strategy will help to reduce the risks associated with the management activities. The Tassal should need to increase the consumption of the Salmon and seafood to increase the demand of the companies. The leadership strategy need to be improved as it is very important to check and look after the employees working in the organization(Araya Krishnan, 2014). Other recommendations The Tassal company should use some adaptive management approaches to achieve the sustainability in the organization The company should also manage the sales mix to get something in return The company should invest more money on the planning and generation of the strategies for the growth of the company. The tastes and the preferences of the consumers and the demand of the Atlantic Salmon can be identified by the surveys and interviews at restaurants, hotels and the supermarket retail stores. To maintain the business environment, the company should implement best practice infrastructure and fish health capacity, focusing on impact mitigation and stakeholder engagement, Forming collaborative, forward focused research partnerships etc. It is recommended to implement and resourcing compliance, communication, stakeholder, and seal management plan(Nic, 2012). It is very important for Tassal to protect and enhance the environment for the young generations. The best strategy adopted by most of the consumers is implementing a precautionary principle based on risk mitigation With its current focus on product innovation and marketing driving the company forward, and its investments in infrastructure and sustainability ensuring it remains in good shape in the future, Tassals aim of almost doubling local salmon consumption levels certainly seems attainable. The company is committed to bringing you the worlds most delicious salmon along with cooking tips and easy recipe ideas for every season and occasion. Conclusion This report completely depends upon the management analysis of the focus company Tassal that deals with the Atlantic Salmon product as well as many other seafood products. The management analysis of the Tassal involves their planning., controlling, leadership and the human resource management . The main focus of the Tassal company is to share the passion and the innovation, knowledge in providing the best ideas for the cooking and recipes depending upon the occasion and season. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the management strategies of Tassal and to evaluate the best strategy for the future It is concluded from this report that the process of producing a Atlantic salmon is a very long process as it involves a proper life cycle. That planning to produce a Salmon needs human resource, a leader and the control on the supply chain of the company. As we studied, there are 800 employees in the Tassal company who worked with great passion and dedication to achieve the aim of the company. Moreover, the leadership strategies, also important to look and supervise the management activities in the Tassal company. The controlling of the value chain is essential to provide the best services to the customers. The best strategy suggested and also used by the Tassal company is the Risk mitigation to avoid the risks occurs in the Company while implementing the strategies. Some of the recommendations on the basis of the analysis also explained that may be helpful for the future growth of the company. References Araya, T. Krishnan, M., 2014. SWOT analysis and recommended policies and strategies of Eritrean fisheries, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274717323_SWOT_ANALYSIS_AND_RECOMMENDED_POLICIES_AND_STRATEGIES_OF_ERITREAN_FISHERIES Battaglene, S., Carter, C. Hobday, A., 2008. Scoping Study into Adaptation of the Tasmanian Salmonid Aquaculture Industry to Potential Impacts of Climate Change, Available at: https://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/743304/Salmonid_Climate_Change_Final_Report_Distribution.pdf Commonwealth of Australia , 2015. Australias seafood trade, Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/fisheries/aus-seafood-trade.pdf Fitzgerald, M., 2013. Successful strategies for sustainable salmon, Available at: https://www.foodanddrinkbusiness.com.au/news/successful-strategies-for-sustainable-salmon FRDC, 2014. How does the size of the Australian seafood industry compare to others around the world?, Available at: https://www.frdc.com.au/knowledge/q_and_as/Pages/size-of-Australian-seafood-industry-compare.aspx Government, A., 2016. Aquaculture industry in Australia, Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/fisheries/aquaculture/aquaculture-industry-in-australia McCallum, A., 2015. Tassal sustainabilioty report 2015, Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160520/pdf/437d3rpd11wf2t.pdf Nic, A., 2012. SWOT Analysis: Fisherie, Available at: https://andssw1.and.nic.in/rti/Fisheries/17%20_b_%20SWOT%20Analysis.pdf Office, T. C. C., 2016. Adapting to a changing climate Case Study, Available at: https://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/216322/Tassal_-_Adaptation_Case_Study.pdf Ryan, M., 2016. Tassal MD CEO on FY2016 results and growth outlook, s.l.: s.n. Services, S. G., 2014. Report for Tassal Operations Pty Ltd:, Available at: https://www.asc-aqua.org/upload/3_20141107_Tassal%20Operations_Huon%20Region%20%28Tin%20Pot%20Point%20Farm%20%20Patridge%20Island%20Farm%29_FINAL.pdf Tassal Team, 2017. Tassal official website. [Online] Available at: https://www.tassal.com.au/about-us/ World Ocean Review, 2017. Toward more sustainable fisheries. [Online] Available at: https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/fisheries/sustainable-fishing-industry/